ToolsArmenia Knowledge Base What an IP Rating Is and How to Read IP44, IP54 and IP65 on Tools and Equipment The IP code shows how well a device enclosure is protected against dust, solid particles and water. It tells you whether the device can be used outdoors or in damp or dusty areas. Reading time: about 7 min Updated: October 2026 ToolsArmenia Editorial Team Contents What the IP code isHow to read the digitsIP by place of useCommon mistakesFinal checklistFAQ What the IP code isThe IP (Ingress Protection) code is an international marking made of two digits. The first digit shows protection against solid objects and dust, the second against water. The higher the digit, the better the protection.IP ratings matter most for floodlights, extension leads, pumps, pressure washers, voltage stabilizers and other equipment used outdoors or in damp conditions. Other technical terms are explained in Tool Technical Glossary.ExampleIP54 means: 5 = dust protected (dust does not interfere with operation), 4 = protected against splashing water from all directions. How to read the digitsFirst digit: 0–60 = no protection, 1–2 = protection against large objects and fingers, 3–4 = against tools and thin wires, 5 = dust protected, 6 = completely dust-tight.Second digit: 0–90 = no protection, 1–2 = vertically falling drops, 3 = rain, 4 = splashing, 5 = water jets, 6 = powerful jets, 7 = temporary immersion, 8 = continuous immersion. 9 (or 9K) means protection against high-pressure, high-temperature jets.What X meansIf an X replaces a digit (for example IPX4), the device was not tested or classified for that parameter. It does not mean zero protection, but it does not guarantee any either.IP and working conditionsIP20 is enough in a dry room, IP44 where splashes are possible, IP54 or IP65 in dusty workshops and outdoors, and IP68 for submersible pumps.IP and electrical safetyA high IP rating does not replace earthing or a residual current device (RCD). Outdoor work needs both a suitable IP rating and electrical protection.WarningAn IP rating only applies with covers closed and seals correctly fitted. A device with an open cover or damaged seal loses its protection. IP by place of useBelow are common IP values and what they mean in practice.IP codeProtectionSuitable forWhat to checkIP20Fingers, no water protectionDry indoor areasNo moisture presentIP44Small objects and splashesOutdoors under cover, damp roomsCovers are closedIP54Dust and splashesWorkshops, building sitesCondition of sealsIP65Dust-tight and water jetsOutdoors, floodlightsCable glandIP67 / IP68Temporary or continuous immersionPumps, work with waterDepth and time stated by the manufacturer Common mistakesUsing an IP20 device or lead outdoors.Assuming IPX4 means dust protection.Leaving a socket or device cover open.Believing a high IP rating replaces an RCD.Submerging an IP65 device in water.Good practiceChoose the IP rating for the harshest conditions the device will face, and check seals and cable entries regularly. Final checklistI know whether the device will be used indoors or outdoorsThe first IP digit matches the dust levelThe second digit matches the water exposureCovers and seals are intactAn RCD is available for outdoor work Frequently asked questionsWhat is the difference between IP44 and IP65?IP44 protects against small objects and splashes, while IP65 is completely dust-tight and withstands water jets.What IP rating does an outdoor floodlight need?Usually at least IP65 so it can withstand rain and dust.What does IPX7 mean?The device has been tested for temporary immersion, while dust protection has not been classified.Does IP matter for an extension lead?Yes. Outdoors and in damp areas use leads with sockets and covers that have a higher IP rating.Can an IP68 device be submerged at any depth?No. The permitted depth and time are set by the manufacturer, so check the manual. Read alsowhat is insulation classvolt (V)how to use an extension cord safelywhat electrical equipment is and how it is classified Related categoriesPressure washersVoltage stabilizersElectric space heaters and heat blowersCar battery chargers and starter-chargersElectric hoists and winchesFloodlights and work lightsExtension cords and cable reelsElectric concrete mixersElectric motorsFansDehumidifiers Next article: what is duty cycle
