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A detailed buying guide: how to choose a water pump: types, flow and head.
This section covers electric water pumps for the home, garden, water supply, heating and construction work: surface centrifugal and self-priming pumps, booster stations with a pressure tank, submersible drainage and sewage pumps, borehole and well pumps, vibration pumps, as well as circulation pumps for heating and pressure booster pumps. For an overview, read what electrical equipment is and how it is classified.
A surface pump is installed outside the water and draws water from a depth of up to about 8 m, while a submersible pump works under water and suits wells, tanks and drainage. Choose the type according to the water source, how clean the water is and the task — irrigation, household supply or drainage. See: how to choose a surface water pump and how to choose a submersible pump.
Flow rate (l/min or m³/h) shows how much water the pump delivers, and head (m) shows how high it can lift water. Take into account the height difference, pipe length and diameter and the number of taps used at the same time, as flow drops at maximum head. Learn more: how to calculate pump flow rate and head.
A borehole pump is chosen by the inner diameter of the casing (usually 3″ or 4″), the dynamic water level and the borehole depth. Vibration pumps are an affordable choice for wells, while screw and multistage centrifugal pumps deliver higher head and last longer. Guide: how to choose a borehole pump.
A drainage pump removes dirty water with particles of a certain size from basements, pits and ponds, while a sewage pump, often with a grinder, is designed for sewers and septic tanks. Compare the maximum particle size, float switch and housing material. Learn more: how to choose a dirty water pump.
A booster station combines a pump, pressure tank, pressure switch and gauge and automatically maintains water pressure in the house. The tank volume reduces the number of pump starts, and dry-run protection protects the pump when there is no water. Guide: how to choose a booster pump station and pressure tank.
A circulation pump moves hot water through a heating system and is chosen by head, port-to-port length (130 or 180 mm) and number of speeds. A pressure booster pump raises weak mains pressure for taps, showers and washing machines. Read how to choose a circulation pump for heating.
Most household pumps run on a 220 V supply, while powerful borehole and industrial pumps may need 380 V. For a submersible pump, check the cable length, and only use an extension cord with an adequate cross-section and moisture protection. See: volt (V) and how to use an extension cord safely.
Thermal overload protection, dry-run protection and a float switch extend pump life. A cast-iron or stainless-steel housing and a brass or steel impeller last longer than plastic ones. Learn more: what is motor thermal protection.
Surface pumps and booster stations are noisy, so install them in a separate, well-ventilated, frost-protected place on a solid base. Read what is noise level in db.
Do not run the pump dry unless the manufacturer allows it, never lower a submersible pump by its cable, and protect the pump and pipes from freezing in winter. Read: how to use a water pump safely and how to store a water pump.
At ToolsArmenia you can compare water pumps by type, flow rate, head, suction or immersion depth and power supply and choose the right model for your home, garden or site.
